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This is what I have so far for my literature review. Can someone help me as far as what to include as far as sub-sections?
Running head: COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THEORY Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
JoLynn Kerschner
Mr. Eassey
CRM 330
November 16, 2016 1 COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THEORY 2 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Introduction
Youth in the juvenile system have significantly higher mental health disorder rates than
children who are found within the general population (Dierkhising et al., 2013). They also may
have higher rates of disorders as compared to the youth who are under treatment within the
mental health system. The prevalence of mental disorders among juveniles is projected to be
about 22% while it is estimated that there is about 60% youth within the juvenile system.
Research suggests that about 25% to 33% of the youth in the juvenile system have mood
disorders (Dierkhising et al., 2013). Also, about 50% of the incarcerated girls have posttraumatic stress disorder and about 19% of the youth are suicidal (Kerr et al., 2014).
Additionally, about 66% of the children with mental illness in the juvenile system experience
substance abuse, thus making treatment and diagnosis complicated (Kerr et al., 2013). More than
120, 000 children and adolescents were found to be held in the juvenile justice facilities within
North America in 2004 (Sickmund, 2004).
Delinquent behavior, aggression, and antisocial behavior have been cited as some of the
factors that lead to the incarceration of many young individuals, but these issues wane when
compared to the cognitive health challenges that many of these youth face. Studies conducted
recently indicate that there is a high rate of mental disorders among youth found within the
juvenile system (Odgers et al., 2005). These results have made policy-makers, researchers as
well as clinicians to conduct a re-evaluation of the assessment and treatment options which the
youth are exposed to in correctional facilities. A substantial number of studies highlight that
many of the youth in juvenile systems suffer from multiple mental disorders (Ulzen et al., 1998: COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THEORY 3 Abram et al., 2003: Teplin et al., 2002). Unfortunately, Grisso (2004) contends that many of the
mental health prognoses conducted for this population is poor and there is a need to respond to
the rehabilitation and treatment needs of the youth within these correctional environs. However,
the literature has failed to take into consideration that there has been renewed interest in
psychosocial interventions, including psychotherapy, particularly CBT techniques and its
advantages when treating juvenile offenders with mental health disorders.
Overview of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) represents a unique category of psychological
intervention based on scientific models of human behavior, cognition, and emotion (Dobson,
2000). A type of therapy commonly implemented in juvenile facilities that help patients
understand the thoughts and feelings that influence their behaviors (Turner, 2016). CBT depends
on the idea that one?s considerations, emotions, physical sensations, and activities are
interconnected, and that negative musings and sentiments can trap you in an endless loop.
Several well conducted meta-analyses have identified cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as a
particularly effective intervention for reducing the recidivism of juvenile and adult offenders
(Lipsey & Landberger, 2005). A meta-analysis on 69 studies conducted by Pearson, Lipton,
Cleland, and Yee, showed that CBT did have an association with recidivism rates. Some argue
that CBT is among the most efficacious treatments for depression (Waslick, et al., 2003), and has
been supported by much empirical literature in the past (TADS, 2004; Kaufman, Rohde, Seeley,
Clarke, & Stice, 2005). COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THEORY 4
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